🌊Human Changes to the Environment
planet is facing one of the biggest threats in human history , trillions of pieces of plastic are choking the very lifeblood of our Earth and every marine animal from the smallest Plankton to the planet’s largest creatures is facing this new and growing threat how much do we really know about this plastic tide Nick very nice to meet you nice to meet you permission to come aboard I’m Liz bonnen a wildlife biologist I’m tracking down the scientists who are trying to uncover the scale of the plastic problem and what it
means for life in our oceans I’ll be joining Expeditions across the globe in some of the most remote and inhospitable places to discover what’s happening in our oceans right now my God look at it I’ll work with rescue missions attempting to save some of the worst affected animals oh God the damage is unbelievable and meet the engineers racing to design radical Solutions it’s been shaken by the plastic crisis can we turn the tide before it’s too late this is the story of plastic in our oceans
I’m beginning my mission with a group of animals that scientists believe are the key indicators for the health of our oceans , seabirds seabirds spend much of their life around plastic fly across the world living on both the open ocean and the shorelines they hunt on the surface of the sea where some plastic floats and beneath the waves where smaller fragments are suspended in the water and many eat almost anything they can find including plastic bird has recently been discovered to eat more plastic relative to their size than
any other animal in the ocean flesh-footed Shear water 400 miles off the coast of Australia in the Tasman Sea is Lord Howe Island this Six Mile Stretch of rock is home to the largest colony of flesh-footed Shear waters on the planet forty thousand of them migrate here every Autumn to the safety of the Island’s pristine rainforests where they lay their eggs in Burrows , it’s just gone eight o’clock here on Lord Howe Island in the middle of the Tasman Sea and about to join a team of scientists and volunteers who have been
The Global Crisis: Understanding Plastic’s Role in Earth’s Decline
Gathering here every single year for the past 12 years thank you hello oh look at you off he goes waddling down the path towards the sound of the sea team is led by marine biologist Dr Jennifer lavers for over a decade she’s been investigating how plastic is affecting the shear Waters she believes that these birds hold the key to understanding how plastic could be harming all marine life all right these are for self-protection okay the birds have quite sharp beaks and and also very sharp claws so those will come in very handy okay okay
perfect they’re everywhere they’re scaring everywhere and they’re so dark they just sort of appear out of nowhere a little bit too late for comfort for me okay off we go , tonight for the first time in their young lives the sheer water chicks emerge from their Burrows , from the moment they were born they should have been fed a nutritious diet of fish and Squid but when their parents go hunting they often mistake plastic for food we hand over the chicks to Lord Howe Islander Ian Hutton and Dr Alex Bond.
Climate change – Averting catastrophe
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carry out a delicate procedure okay so what exactly are you doing now well we’ve measured this one and weighed him and now we’re doing the final step which is lavaging which is basically gently pumping a bit of water into the stomach and getting him to vomit into the basin so if you like to hold him open Alex we’ll see if we can get this down the throat easy fella oh okay so that’s gone into the stuff I mean nicely done very smooth right pumping oh and look at that stomach fall Place one two three four five six oh look at
that yeah the size of that piece sharp too the parents had to vomit that up to feed the chick and then the chicks had a in the stomach and now just coughed it up so they’re gradually with all the best intentions feeding their chicks to death potentially filling their stomachs with big pieces of plastic rubbish that are plastic on the way down there just now I can feel it as the tube was going and I could feel positive how much is coming out oh look at that man oh my gosh this is ridiculous I think that was blocking the
Unveiling the Threat: How Plastic Pollution is Ravaging Our Planet
throat so I was having trouble getting it all out and now that we’ve got rid of that big bit we might be able to remove it all amazing isn’t it I can’t believe just is this on average what you find about 20 pieces how much do you normally find I think the record’s about 260. that’s a really bad bird in a chick in a chick yeah uh I’m in shock I mean I knew there was a plastic problem it’s just when you see you see it firsthand yeah my head’s spinning already and it’s our first chick yeah
okay that’s just mad when it’s just yeah oh my God it’s really really hard to watch this poor little thing regurgitating plastic after plastic after plastic and that wasn’t even a bad one that was 19 pieces of plastic so yeah I feel angry and emotional and full of full of feelings I didn’t quite expect would be so strong right now that’s about it really , 38.
2 for the next three hours we measure them take feather and blood samples and empty their stomachs to increase their chances of survival so in the 12 years you’ve been doing this in in this location what’s changed what have you seen happening to this breeding colony the numbers have definitely fluctuated but definitely more and more of the birds have plastic in them and we are finding an increasing number of birds that seem to be more heavily affected so quite a number of years ago you know the average number of pieces of plastic
Beyond the Surface: Exploring the Environmental Toll of Plastic
per bird might have been closer to perhaps five or ten pieces per bird and now it’s much closer to 30 or 40 pieces per bird so so things are shifting by 11 pm the birds have stopped emerging from their Burrows and it’s time to call it a night I am absolutely shattered not only are they long emotionally draining nights but it’s a Relentless job I’m only doing it for one or two more nights these guys are here for 60 nights I don’t know how they do it right to bed , the three-month-old Shearwater chicks
that left their Burrows tonight are beginning one of the most astounding Journeys in the natural world can’t fly yet there parents have left them to fend for themselves and they’ve never even seen the sea and yet Instinct drives them to begin an extraordinary Endeavor waddling through the dense rainforest in the dark across the beaches and out through the pounding surf once there they must teach themselves to fly and hunt and for those who managed to take off they won’t touch land again for five years when they’ll return to breed
fed plastic are often so weighed down they can’t fly and so weak they can’t get past the surf many simply won’t make it he’s really really bad oh my gosh this is what happens when they leave the colony in poor condition they can’t get up off the surface of the water and they get tumbled in the waves and it exhausts them and this is how they wash up on the beach this one looks so nutritionally compromised I can’t imagine if he’d ever you’d ever make us the key for for these guys in the long term is in the absence
of of issues like plastic or other human pressures is the species can deal with a little bit of Lofts like this is when we start to put other pressures like plastic into the environment that’s when you start seeing too many of these chicks on this beach in this condition or Worse exactly so we’ll put them in a bag and we’ll put them in a warm spot and we’ll have a look for any others , what do you normally do realistically we’ll probably just let nature run its course , how often do you find evidence of
plastic ingestion on in the chicks that you gather on the beach that haven’t made it virtually everyone there’s some kind of bottle cap or small fragments or maybe the lid of a pen or something like that I mean I there are there are very few places left on the planet that are so remote and pristine seemingly than Lord Howe Island and yet even here it shows what the rest of the world is doing impacts wildlife and it’s it’s a global responsibility it’s that much is is without question yep I think that’s an interesting thing this.
From Oceans to Landfills: The Deadly Legacy of Plastic Waste
One piece will make 52 layers watch on mobile devices or the big screen all for free no subscription or fire we head back to the island lab to examine the dead chicks do we know the source of most of the Plastics that you find in the flesh footage of waters unfortunately not a lot are what we call unidentifiable fragments but every now and then we encounter something that is really recognizable so this is a jar of plastics from the flesh-fredded Shearwater here on Lord Howe Island how many birds contribute to this amount of
plastic maybe 50 to 100 give or take and right away we see some top offenders so really common one let’s have a look here foreign that is insane bottle caps whole bottle caps how does that go down the throat of a three-month-old Shear water I don’t great Christian understand the top of tetra packs maybe some boxed milk or a box of juice anything that we’ve really ever made from plastic as we know every bit of plastic ever made is still out there and the birds are Precision finding mechanisms they go out there in the
ocean they find it they bring it back and so um we are never surprised at what we find in the ocean it’s the most surreal thing to see I cannot believe all of this has come out of sheer water stomachs over the past 10 years Jen and her team have had the disturbing task of recording the stomach contents of every Shear water chick they’ve found , so we’ve opened this chick her studies reveal that by weight Shear Waters eat the most plastic of any marine animal there’s no decorate diet as a result of this
plastic ingestion the contents of this bird’s stomach is the equivalent of a human eating 10 kilos of plastic but Jen’s research has revealed that the plastic may be doing even more damage than first thought in the last few months she’s discovered evidence that chemicals found on plastic could be disrupting the birds hormones from these studies we know that they interfere with hormone production and the function of hormones in the bloodstream and so the bird or other animal can look completely normal on the
outside and yet not actually be able to reproduce and grow correctly more research needs to be done but Jan now believes that even small amounts of plastic may impact a bird’s health we may have drastically underestimated the effect that plastic is having on these animals and all of this can be in the Plastics that these birds are ingesting do you understand the complex challenges scientists have to try and tease it all apart and figure out the world that these sea birds now live in the challenge that they face
this Research into Shear Waters has serious implications for the health of all marine life over 200 different marine species have been found to ingest plastic but the question that scientists are still grappling with is why they’re eating it in the first place fascinating new research suggests that smell might play an important part algae growing on Ocean plastic gives off a scent that acts like a beacon attracting a whole host of species also thought that sea life may mistake tiny pieces of plastic for fish eggs and
plastic bags for jellyfish , but while Research into what makes plastic so attractive to Sea Life continues teams across the planet work around the clock to rescue as many animals as they can as I prepare to leave Lord Howe Island the biggest question on my mind is how we can even begin to clean up the overwhelming amount of plastic in our oceans predictions make for Grim reading Reports say the amount of plastic we use and throw away is growing year on year and some have suggested that by 2050 there will be more pieces of plastic in
the Ocean than fish I’ve read about Valiant but small scale efforts to clean up the ocean Plastic Beach cleans boat trolls and Diving projects and yet with an estimated 51 trillion pieces of plastic in the ocean they simply won’t be enough being reported that one pioneering project could remove hundreds and even thousands of tons of plastic from the ocean the project was devised by a 16 year old boy he’s now 24 and is realizing his dream , hi Liz nice to finally meet you I meet him in the Netherlands so when I was 16 I went
scuba diving in Greece and I looked around me and I saw more plastic bags and fish and I just wondered why can’t we clean this up and now we have a team close to 100 people whereas tens of millions of dollars boy and slat and his team have designed a floating 600 meter tube with a three meter curtain hanging beneath it pushed by the waves it will travel across the seas collecting plastic as it goes talk me through it because it looks fairly simple but yeah obviously so much thought and brain power and collaboration have gone into this it has
been extremely complicated to get to something simple so it’s a very long floating barrier the plastic just gets pushed around by the current like a giant Pac-Man the system roams the ocean and collects the plastic scientists have identified five colossal areas of plastic waste floating in our oceans plastic is gathered by enormous swirling vortexes fed by a Global Network of ocean currents boyan is concentrating his efforts on collecting the plastic from the largest of these the Great Pacific Garbage Patch
between Hawaii and California which is now over three times the size of France pretty soon I discovered that everyone in in the field was saying well no way you can do that the ocean is too big the ocean is too violent just forget about it the only thing we can do is not make it worse which first of all I think is a very depressing message boyan is assembling his ocean cleanup system in San Francisco soon it will be launched into the Great Pacific Garbage Patch to begin its work am I allowed to jump the gun here.
The Silent Killer: Plastic’s Quiet Destruction of Earth’s Ecosystems
Already and ask you what the ambition is for ocean cleanup how many of these systems do you envisage being out there doing their job once the first system is working we’ll then start the scale up from 1 to around 60 of these systems roaming the Pacific Ocean and if we manage to do that well then we should be able to clean up half this Great Pacific Garbage Patch every five years between now and the launch date what would you say is your biggest challenge that still needs to be solved I think really that’s about
getting the the bloody thing in one piece just assembling it and getting that done on time we’ve communicated the launch date so there’s no way back and definitely the sooner we get it out the better it is for the ocean , there’s just one month to go before this technology is tested out at sea for the very first time completing this project after five years of intense development and Engineering is a mammoth achievement I’ll find out later if the launch is successful but one of the biggest challenges
scientists face is tackling the source of all this plastic around the globe every minute we buy a million plastic bottles a million disposable cups and 2 million plastic bags and every minute an entire rubbish truckload of plastic ends up in the ocean over a year this adds up to a staggering 8 million tons and it’s estimated that half of all that plastic enters the ocean from our Rivers the Yangtze the Nile the Ganges the Thames the world’s Rivers have been turned into plastic arteries coursing towards the sea
one of the worst affected Rivers is the chittoram in Indonesia I’m traveling to Indonesia to find out why Rivers here and across the world are choking with plastic , so we’ve arrived on the island of java in Indonesia and it is down in through tropical rain style uh we have just got a call from some villagers who are supposed to visit in a few days time and because of these rains they’re sitting in the middle of something that is so disturbing they’ve asked us to head out there straight away
so that’s where we’re going now I’m meeting Indra dharmawan a local whose Village plays a reluctant part in the nation’s plastic crisis Hello nice to meet you how are you today uh where are we heading this way okay he takes me down to the banks of the chittoram river , plastic and then really plastic oh my oh my there are people fishing in it overnight an enormous raft of plastic waste has appeared over a mile long and stretching across the entire width of the river I have never seen anything like
quite like this what is going on what is going on 20 years ago this stretch of river was teeming with fish now it’s being flooded by a deluge of plastic waste thousand tons of plastic flows down this River hey after the heavy rain plastic rafts locals have ever seen Andre this is crazy what are these guys what are they doing on the boats plastic many of the litter Pickers used to be fishermen but plastic waste and
pollution in the river has reduced the number of fish species by 60 percent and what’s left is potentially dangerous to eat , , just can’t believe how people can cope with this weird weird surreal reality that I never really expected to experience in my lifetime you know but this is real this is what’s going on [Applause] and there are guys on boats just getting on with their day’s work picking plastic out of this massive raft that’s now moving Downstream my God
look at it like just look at us , to find out how all this plastic has ended up in the river I travel Upstream to the region of Bandung home to 165 Villages many of which are on the banks of the chitterum I’ve contacted a local Environmental campaigner Danny rizwandani wowzers so this is where all the village puts their plastic they’re making their own landfill site because they’re getting no help from anyone else to do this is is this the same scenario in all the
villages that border this this chitterum yeah the villagers say that they’ve used the children as a place to get rid of their rubbish for centuries but the rapid rise in the use of plastic has replaced many organic materials and swamped the river and its banks , crazy , villagers say the local government here provides no facilities to collect and dispose of the rubbish hopefully it’s estimated that 2 billion people have no access to proper Waste
Management that’s a quarter of the world’s population who have no option but to throw their plastic waste on their own doorsteps or in a nearby Waterway foreign but governments are not the only ones being blamed for this many think that corporations play a big part in the plastic crisis too and Wealthy Global brands have been accused of knowingly selling products to developing countries that often have no adequate way of disposing of the plastic packaging much of the concern is over small plastic sachets that make everyday Goods
affordable to those with little or no income so you bought straws and then drinks drinks drinks sachets provide locals here with Modern Essentials like washing powder toothpaste and shampoo and they cost very little , there is a huge dilemma here on the one hand you have this new affordable lifestyle that everybody here is as entitled to enjoy as much as we are in the west and the sachets give them that but then on the other hand you’ve got Rivers teeming with the stuff and whose responsibility is that
around the world governments and corporations are starting to address the problem some companies are making very public pledges to make all their products 100 reusable recyclable or compostable by 2025 but many believe 2025 is just too late currently thousands of tons of plastic are still pouring down the biggest rivers of the world and the threats this poses to their Wildlife is only beginning to be understood scientists are studying how animals living in these waterways are being affected a way to help the manatees of the Amazon
alligators in the Yangtze and the freshwater turtles crocodiles and stingrays who make other major river systems their home I’ve come to the mahakam river in Borneo this Mighty Waterway stretches for over a thousand kilometers it’s being monitored by Dr Danielle crab and her husband budiono who are carrying out vital research to ensure that the few remaining river dolphins here are not lost forever , today is the beginning of your surveying for this month is that right right yeah how many of these arawadi dolphins are
left on the mahakam right so we think they’re about between 80 and 90 Dolphins left in the whole entire Magan River and from the interviews with the local people we know that they were much more numerous before I mean how how in trouble are these Dolphins they’re really in trouble for the past 20 years Dr Crabb and budiono have been meticulously photographing and recording every dolphin they encounter as they spend days traveling Up and Down the mahakam River so from 1999 to now you’ll be mapping their locations where they feed
beginning to understand their behavior their distribution you know 70 to 80 individuals that is worrying yeah , Dr Krebs research has revealed that the dolphins are already affected by heavy boat traffic and fishing nets on the river but in the last few years she has witnessed the emergence of a new threat well we have had the three cases of dolphins that were actually having some plastic debris in their stomach so there are two dogs with nylon debris in their stomachs which actually from the Nets and the other one had diapers in his
stomach so it prevents other foods from getting in so that diaper dolphin yeah he died and he was really skinny so of all the dolphins you’ve ever in the crop seed all of them had Plastics they had yeah they all have done Plastics in their stomachs , to find out more about the effect of plastic and other human pressures on the Dolphins we begin a two-day mission of the mahakam we search for them with binoculars and hydrophones but another crucial source of information is the local fishermen Lucia he’s here every day and he hasn’t seen
any for a couple of weeks bye , Dr Crabb and budiono have been working with the communities living along the river to find better ways of disposing of plastic waste as we continue our search for The elusive Dolphins our little boats are dwarfed by a new arrival on the river the coal oil and textile industry as well as palm oil plantations have all made an impact here in the last few decades and with new industry comes more plastic waste what are your thoughts about Plastics and how much of a threat they pose on
top of all the other threats the dolphin is facing yeah actually the plastic you know where’s the skin along with the companies that the companies came to this area and they built huge area for Plantation of all mining the waters are not really well educated not really you know told them crashing everywhere so sometimes they just so do you think the dolphin can withstand this threat yeah I think if it’s on like this very small chance to survive , as the sun sets our chances of seeing the Dolphins fade
, so that’s the end of day one we’ve been on our little boat for about eight nearly nine hours and so far I haven’t set eyes on the almost mythical Dolphins here but I’m really hoping I get the chance to see them tomorrow , the next morning we resume our search foreign , thing about these river dolphins is they’re very unobtrusive when they come up for air they don’t do a big curve like whales do or orcas do I have to take a breath they tend to just subtly go down under the water again so that
their tails their flutes don’t really go vertical before they submerge so it makes them really difficult to spot anyway plus there are only 70 or 80 on this entire River so no wonder they’re difficult to find , are they behind us oh he stayed up for ages that was a mahakam river dolphin came up and it says around the gray head and it was going that way , we’re literally traveling with a mahakan river dolphin , with large rounded heads that lack an
elongated snout like most other Dolphins these magnificent animals have a distinctive appearance says but it’s clear that the future for these remarkable mammals looks bleak this river is teeming with sewage with chemicals from the coal barges that come through this River with pesticides and herbicides from the oil palm plantations that are bordering this stretch by Marine debris that’s everywhere I don’t even know what this thing is there are sachets there are plastic bags there are bottles and yet there is one
Lone River dolphin making its way up this stretch , packed of plastic pollution is devastating this River and its wildlife sadly this is the case for many other waterways across the world , there is a growing movement to reclaim the health of rivers not just for the people but for the Wildlife that depends on it too , from River locals are taking matters into their own hands , it’s seven o’clock in the morning here in majulia and there’s a real Buzz in the air the Army have gathered here with some
girls from a high school two local ngos and Elders from The Villages around here and they’ve all gathered here this morning for a very special project the plan tomorrow foreign that sounded amazing um the plan is for all of these people to clean up as much plastic as they possibly can this is how Indonesian villagers along with the army take it upon themselves to sort out the plastic problem this feels really good it really does , coming to help
good morning cleanup teams have stretched out along the banks sifting through years of waste and projects like this one are taking place along all 300 kilometers of this River , so as well as uh cleaning up all the plastic that’s been flowing down the river and getting caught on all the vegetation they’re cleaning up these makeshift dumps that the villagers have no use but to sit up and as you can imagine it’s a bit of a filthy job which is why we’re all wearing these but this
is going on there’s little groups of uh army guys and volunteers all along this stretch cleaning up basically everything they can find that doesn’t belong here Colonel costomo is leading the charge on this section of the river Colonel just how bad is it how much plastic have you seen um do you think efforts like these can make a difference to the plastic crisis that you’re facing foreign with all the boats filled with plastic
we traveled down river to offload our cargo , how long would you have to work get rid of all of this overwhelming amount of plastic is nearly 300 kilometers long yeah and the plastic keeps coming so the cleanup can’t be the only answer do you ever feel overwhelmed by the scale of the problem s foreign foreign
at. The main road the bags are transferred into trucks destined for a nearby landfill and we start all over again but I do because after all of the bags of plastic we took away from that stretch there was still more plastic than I could take in with my own eyes a bit the wildlife of the chicharim and the river’s local communities are buckling under the pressure of plastic pollution scientists are working tirelessly to prevent them from suffering the same fate as the children and to stop that plastic from entering
our oceans back in the city I investigate further Adam and John is that right it’s it’s good to finally talk to you the growing ocean plastic crisis has galvanized engineers and inventors to design technology that collects the plastic from Rivers before it enters the sea the first person I speak to is a surfer from Sydney so I was reading about your C bin and I wanted to know a little bit more about it this evening it’s quite a simple device we’ve basically got a rubbish bin we have a small water pump
that we filter out the debris in the middle do you ever imagine um bringing some sort of sea bin out to we’ve got a order sheet with requests from about 170 countries and as depressing as it is it’s quite an amazing time to see the opportunity of you know how we can fix this the C bin is an effective solution for harbors and smaller Rivers but it simply couldn’t withstand the huge volumes of plastic pouring down the most polluted rivers in the world there is one solution which is called Mr Trash Wheels
and they’re pulling out thousands and thousands of pounds of trash per year and this is something that’s suited for high volumes this wheel has been built in Baltimore Harbor it lifts plastic rubbish from the river and drops it into a barge the trash wheel is actually very simple machine the water wheel gets its energy from two different uh sources one is the flow of the river that brings the trash the other is we have solar panels on the trash wheel yeah that sounds incredible since the wheels started turning in 2014
it’s collected almost 1 million plastic bottles half a million plastic bags and 11 million cigarette butts that are made up of tiny plastic fibers we picked up over 35 tons of trash in one day wow but with each wheel costing around half a million dollars this technology could be just too expensive for many local councils in countries like Indonesia in Amsterdam Engineers have been experimenting with bubbles a tube full of holes is placed near the bottom of a river the air bubbles are forced to the surface trapping the plastic and
funneling it to the riverbank ready for collection this design has great potential but it’s still in the Prototype phase I’m also Keen to find out about solutions that are coming at the ocean plastic problem from a completely different angle the meeting young entrepreneur who’s been developing an alternative material to plastic now if it’s as good as the reports I’ve been reading online it feels to me like this could be a real game changer David hello hello here I’m Liz hi David Christian has been experimenting
with a natural resource that could replace plastic packaging he’s focusing on finding an alternative to the billions of plastic sachets used in Indonesia and other developing countries what is this made of it’s made of seaweed without using any chemical process so we can use it from the cereal bar yeah like like from the bar and then from the coffee sassy so you basically just have to bang this in a in the hot water and then Stir It right I’m going to taste this coffee because you promised me it would not
taste of the sea yeah face , it’s pretty hot that’s great that’s a great cup of coffee this is for soap so you don’t need to open this up you can just wash our hand that’s it just yeah and start rubbing stop rubbing that dissolves really quickly when I think about the amount of little plastic soaps in plastic packaging in all the hotels around the world wrapped in separate little small plastic bags and how this could completely change that industry for the better that’s huge David and his team have also used their
seaweed technology to design fast food packaging I presume the only nutrition in in this is in the wrapper and disposable cups food packaging makes up over a third of all plastic waste in the ocean while there are still some concerns about how seaweed Farms might affect Coastal ecosystems the potential of this design is enormous are big companies that make all of these sachets biting your hand off at the moment yes until now we already get inquiries from more than 200 companies including those big companies I mean the
potential is huge that much is very clear from from what you’ve achieved so far I needed to meet someone like you who has their feet firmly on the ground but who is finding an absolutely exciting and viable solution to all this so I really I wish you all the best in the future yeah thank you so much was really great it seems to me to be such an exciting but more importantly a really concrete solution to the plastic problem and it’s coming from a young Indonesian he’s only 25 years old it’s coming from a country.
A Call to Action: Combatting Plastic Pollution to Save Our Planet
That’s one of the biggest plastic polluters in the world I cannot wait to see what this guy achieves in the next few years , I met another inspirational entrepreneur with ambitious plans to rid our oceans of plastic after five years of working on his dream the ocean cleanup system is finally being launched look at this guy he started thinking about this problem when he was 16 years old and he didn’t stop until he found an answer he engineered and he re-engineered he took bold courageous action and that to me
is breathtaking next time I discover how fishing industry plastic is devastating marine life oh God the damage is unbelievable can you believe this is what goes on when we carry on with our lives I meet the scientists whose latest research has revealed how plastic is destroying our Ocean’s most precious ecosystems what does this mean for this Reef and I find out why plastic is now threatening one of the most inaccessible wildernesses on Earth we are in a very remote part of the planet yet the plastic reaches even here.
